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Facet (psychology)

In psychology, a facet is a specific and unique aspect of a broader personality trait.[1] Both the concept and the term "facet" were introduced by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae in the first edition of the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) Manual.[1][2] Facets were originally elaborated only for the neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion traits; Costa and McCrae introduced facet scales for the agreeableness and conscientiousness traits in the Revised NEO-PI (NEO PI-R).[3] Each of the Big Five personality traits in the five factor model contains six facets, each of which is measured with a separate scale.[4] The use of facets and facet scales has since expanded beyond the NEO PI-R, with alternative facet and domain structures derived from other models of personality. Examples include the HEXACO model of personality structure,[5][6] psycholexical studies,[7] circumplex models (e.g., Goldberg's Abridged Big-Five Dimensional Circumplex),[8] the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ),[9] and the California Psychological Inventory.[10]

  1. ^ a b McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (2003). Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective, Second Edition. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 9781572308275.
  2. ^ Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  3. ^ Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO PI-R Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  4. ^ Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R. (February 1995). "Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory" (PDF). Journal of Personality Assessment. 64 (1): 21–50. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.960. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6401_2. PMID 16367732.
  5. ^ Ashton, M. C. & Lee, K. (May 2007). "Empirical, theoretical, and practical advantages of the HEXACO model of personality structure". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 11 (2): 150–166. doi:10.1177/1088868306294907. PMID 18453460. S2CID 13183244.
  6. ^ Lee, K. & Ashton, M. C. (2006). "Further assessment of the HEXACO Personality Inventory: Two new facet scales and an observer report form". Psychological Assessment. 18 (2): 182–191. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.182. PMID 16768594.
  7. ^ Saucier, G. & Ostendorf, F. (April 1999). "Hierarchical subcomponents of the Big Five personality factors: A cross-language replication" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 76 (4): 613–627. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.613. PMID 10234848.
  8. ^ Hofstee, W. K. B.; De Raad, B. & Goldberg, L. R. (1992). "Integration of the Big Five and circumplex approaches to trait structure". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 63 (1): 146–163. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.1.146. PMID 1494982. S2CID 2622872.
  9. ^ Tellegen, A. "MPQ Standard". University of Minnesota Press. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  10. ^ Soto, C. J. & John, O. P. (2009). "Using the California Psychological Inventory to assess the Big Five personality domains: A hierarchical approach" (PDF). Journal of Research in Personality. 43: 25–38. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.10.005.

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